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ZAREJESTRUJ SIĘ
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Poziom:
Temat: Nauka i technologia
We know that fire results from the combustion
of organic material and air, but don't you
still sometimes wonder what fire is? Why are
gas flames blue and wood-fire orange? And
why do flames move in such a mesmerizing way?
Chemistry may tell us the recipe for combustion,
but the light show is all physics.
When a flame burns cleanly (like a gas flame,
blowtorch or the base of a candle), the heat
excites the molecules to release light (usually
pale-blue) from atomic transitions. That's
quantum mechanics!
Now when the fuel isn't as pure and doesn't
entirely burn (like a wood or coal fire or
the top of a candle flame), there's still
some blue light, but you don't see it because
it's overpowered by light from all the particles
of soot & smoke - they're glowing red-hot!
So why do hot objects glow? Thermodynamics.
A process called "blackbody radiation" makes
all objects glow with light of a color depending
on their temperature. The reason that you
don't see your friends glowing, though, is
because we're too cool to glow with visible
light - we glow in infrared. But lava, a hot
piece of iron, or soot in a flame are all
hot enough to glow with that familiar red-orange
light.
And the reason flames are shaped like tongues
snaking skywards? Gravity! The earth's pull
is what makes hot air rise, and this convection
shapes flames into their familiar form. If
you light a match in zero-G, the flame spreads
outwards like a balloon - there's nothing
to tell it which way to go, so it goes in
all directions!
