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Rewolucja przemysłowa (2)
Temat: Historia i kultura
Do some Exercises: Słuchaj i zapisuj Tworzenie zdań Ukryte słowa
Bad effects
Living standards rose and people generally became richer and healthier and had more children who survived to be adults. This led to a strong growth in the number of people in England. However, this caused new problems. The environment was damaged. Only a few people became very rich thanks to industry, and many lived in poor conditions. Children and women had to work for a long time for little pay. Often several families crowded into very small apartments. Working at different times, family members would take turns sleeping when they were not working. Families were usually unable to get together. 12, 14, or even 18-hour workdays were common. [[/]]
Manchester, England ("Cottonopolis"), pictured in 1840, showing the mass of factory chimneys.
Changes
During the industrial revolution, many changes were brought upon with the rise of new technology. For example:
- Canals were built to allow heavy goods to be moved easily where they were needed.
- The steam engine became the main source of power. It replaced horses and human labour.
- Cheap iron and steel became mass-produced. Steel replaced wood as material for building much of the new things.
- Machine tools became commonplace. Things could now be mass-produced in factories instead of making them by hand.
- Seed drills and other agricultural machinery meant that less people were needed to work in farming. Many people moved to towns and found new jobs in the factories.
- Railways were built all around England and then the world. They carried people much more quickly than before.
- Steamships began to replace sailing ships. They could be larger than sailing ships and were not dependent of wind and weather.
- The spinning machine and power loom made it easy to mass-produce clothes and fabrics.
Source: wikipedia.org
